Specific fuel consumption of tractor diesel engine

What factors affect fuel consumption?

Each manufactured tractor model has its own fuel consumption rates indicated in the operating instructions for the unit. At the same time, each brand-manufacturer of agricultural machinery uses its own specific formula to calculate this parameter. At the same time, it should be borne in mind that each calculation formula initially assumes the presence of completely ideal operating conditions for the tractor, that is, the absence of any precipitation, an absolutely flat and dry road, as well as minimal loads. Because of this, the calculation of the fuel consumption of the tractor must be carried out individually for absolutely each unit used, taking into account, at the same time, the conditions in which it is used.

The consumption rate of fuel and lubricants for tractors for one reason or another may increase or decrease. Fuel overrun, that is, an increase in its costs, is caused by several factors. The main reason for this is the unsatisfactory or poor condition of the unit, namely its engine. Because of this, before operating the agricultural machine, you should carefully inspect its motor for faults.

Fuel consumption for tractors also depends to a large extent on the driving style of their operators. If the driver is accustomed to aggressive driving at high speeds with inconsistent gear changes, the amount of fuel consumed by the tractor will increase. In addition, the amount of fuel consumed by the tractor largely depends on bad weather conditions, terrain and seasonality of the work performed.

The consumption of fuel used is also largely influenced by the attachment for tractors, the load capacity of the trailer used and the type of road surface. Depending on the actual state of the latter, manufacturers of agricultural machinery distinguish 3 types of roads:

The design of the high pressure fuel pump of the MTZ 80 tractor

The tractor pump for MTZ 80 is called UTN-5. It is made from durable aluminum alloy. And they are produced in different mounting options, there is a left and right version. It depends on the design and properties of the fastener. Along the entire length of the body, it is divided into two cavities. This is due to the barrier. At the bottom there is a shaft with a pump drive, and at the top - the composite sections of this pump.

The detailed design of the high-pressure fuel pump of the D-240 motor will be considered further. The fuel pump with a control mechanism has the following elements: a pressure fitting, a pressure valve, a valve seat, a plunger and a corresponding sleeve, a rotary sleeve, a crown with teeth, a rack rod, a regulator cover, a corrector body, a corrector rod, a regulator body, a heel, weight axles , heels and levers, coupling, regulator weights, weight hub, shock absorber cracker, bearing cup, oil deflector, cam shaft, plug, pump mounting flange, mounting plate, slotted bushing, installation flange, roller pusher, lower spring plate, gear rack, fuel outlet channels, bypass valve body, diesel oil supply hole, ball valve, fuel channels, shut-off hole, pin, plunger bushing inlet, manhole cover. Like any pump, the injection pump in its design has washers, clamps, main and auxiliary levers, bolts for various purposes, ball bearings, springs, plugs, nuts, gaskets, fuel transfer pipes, various screws for tightening and adjusting. There is no pump in nature without a housing and an oil hole, there are no pumps without an eccentric for pumping fuel.

Scheme of the fuel pump with a regulator

The fuel system of a diesel engine includes: an air cleaner, a silencer, an air filter, an electric torch heater with a fuel tank, an intake manifold, various pipes - drainage and high pressure, a throat for filling fuel, fuel tanks, a drain cock, filters for fine and coarse cleaning of diesel fuel, fuel pump regulator, booster pump, fuel pump, injectors, exhaust manifold, filtering devices for various purposes.

At the highest point of the UTN-5, there are longitudinal channels connecting it to the fine filter and to the pumping system of the pump, into which a bypass valve is built.

Description of the mode of action of UTN - 5

The boost pump is attached to the main pump housing. A fuel line is connected to the fittings, through which fuel is supplied to the nozzles under high pressure. The pump is driven by the crankshaft gear. If the pump has already been repaired, then after the next assembly and disassembly, it is necessary to carefully check the angle of the gear connections. Otherwise, with an erroneous inclination, there will be interruptions in performance. The degree of inclination must be strictly 22°30″. It is better to check it by contacting an experienced minder.

Checking and adjusting the pump

Before starting, make sure that the locking cone fits snugly and that the pressure of the pump section is correct. We rotate the crankshaft and move the regulator until the arrow on the pressure gauge shows 15 MPa. After that, the engine is turned off, the fuel supply is stopped by the regulatory lever. If the pressure on the gauge drops within ten seconds, the valve is good.

To adjust the exact angle of the moment of fuel supply, it is necessary to turn the adjusting bolt in different directions. One turn reduces or increases the crankshaft speed by about 40 revolutions. Unscrewing the bolt - the pump power decreases, twisting - increases.

The nuances of self-calculation of fuel consumption

The initial calculation of the amount of fuel consumed by the tractor makes it possible to determine further costs for agricultural machinery. To obtain data for determining this parameter, the unit must travel at least 100 km. Next, you can calculate the amount of fuel consumed. To obtain the most accurate data, the tractor used must be in perfect technical condition.

To calculate the costs of both gasoline and diesel fuel, you should use the following data:

specific fuel consumption - R ;
engine power in horsepower - N ;
conversion factor from kV, which is equal to 0,7.

Features of calculating fuel consumption

To measure the indicator, the tractor needs to travel a distance of 100 kilometers. Based on this, the amount of fuel consumed is measured.

Before taking measurements, you need to check the condition of the main components and assemblies of the transport.

The calculation of the fuel consumption rate on tractors is carried out according to the formula: P=0.7*R*N.

Where R is the specific fuel consumption, N is the engine power, 0.7 is a constant coefficient for converting from kW, P is the fuel consumption in 60 minutes.

The correction for load capacity is calculated by an additional factor from 0.5 to 1, depending on the load.

Dependence of consumption on tractor model

The table below shows the fuel consumption rates for the tractor MTZ BELARUS, YuMZ, John Deere.

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Calculation of fuel consumption of the tractor MTZ-80, MTZ-82

The technical characteristics of the MTZ 82 tractor make it possible to carry out a wide range of work and technological operations in agriculture, construction, various industries, as well as in the municipal sector. The aggregation of the tractor in combination with various mechanisms, trailers and attachments makes it possible to use this technique as efficiently as possible.

Fuel consumption for mtz 82

Content Norms of consumption of diesel fuel per hour of work of the loaders most in demand in the territory of the Russian Federation:

Still R70-16, VW ADG (30) power unit - 2.0 liters.
Nissan FD01A40Q2, TD-27 (42.5) engine - 3.3 liters.
Caterpillar 232B, CAT 3024C(37) power unit - 5.4 liters.
TCM FD35T3S, Nissan QD32 engine - 2.7 liters.
Heli CPCD50, Isuzu 6BB1 engine - 4.1 liters.
Toyota 02-7FD25, power unit 2Z (49) - 2.5 liters.
PK-6, YaMZ-8482.10 power unit - 27 liters.
Amkodor 342S4, engine D-260.1 - 8.7 liters.
Komatsu FD25T-16, 4D94LE power unit - 2.0 liters.
GPW-2009, engine, D-2500 - 2.0 liters.
TO-156, SMD-62 engine - 11.4 liters.
DV-1661-33-10, power unit D-2500K - 2.9 liters.
D-16, Volkswagen 1.9D (56) power unit - 1.8 liters.
Linde H60D, engine BF6M1012E (85) - 4.3 liters.
Bobcat S300, Kubota V3300-Di-T turbo(58) engine - 6.4 liters.
Caterpillar 924GZ, Perkins-3056E (129.5) engine - 13.3 liters.
Ausa C11M, Kubota D902-ES07 (13.6) engine - 4.5 liters.
Lev-41.030, power unit ZMZ-53 - 6.8 liters.
Bauman HX 40/12/51 TR, power unit D754E2 (50) - 2.4 liters.
PB-35, AM-41 engine - 6.0 liters.
DP 1604, engine D-120.05 - 2.6 liters.
CASE 580 Super R backhoe loader, CNH UK Limited(72) engine - 7.0 HP
Daewoo D30-S2, DV-33 engine - 2.3 liters.
Mitsubishi FD45, S6E power unit - 3.7 liters.
BT Cargo CBD 5.0, John Deere 4045D(56) power unit - 3.3 liters.
Doosan D20SC-2, Cummins A2300 (32) power unit - 2.1 liters.
HC CPCD18N-RW9, Isuzu C240 power unit - 2.1 liters.

Renetop products: Diesel fuel consumption rates per hour of operation of MTZ tractors most in demand in the Russian Federation.

MTZ-80, engine D-240, D-240L:

Sweeping with a brush - 4.0 l.
Snow removal with a blade - 5.4 liters.
Snow removal with a blade and a brush - 6.9 liters.
Transport mode with trailer 2PTS-4 - 5.8 liters.
Transport mode - 4.4 liters.
Transport mode with trailer 2PTS-6 - 6.2 liters.

Belarus 1223, engine D-260.2, D-260.2S:

Transport mode with trailer MZHT-F-11 - 11.8 liters.
Transport mode with MZHT-10 trailer - 11.8 liters.

MTZ-82.1, engine D-243D-243-202:

Sweeping with a brush - 4.3 l.
Transport mode with platform PTK-10.2 - 10.4 liters.
Work with a flat cutter - 5.7 liters.
Work with a cutter - 8.0 l.
Snow removal with a blade and a brush - 6.9 liters.
Snow removal with a blade - 6.6 liters.
Transport mode with trailer PST-9 - 8.0 liters.
Transport mode - 5.5 liters.
Snow removal with a brush - 6.3 liters.
Work as a rake - 5.8 liters.
Transport mode with trailer PST-11 - 10.4 liters.

Diesel fuel consumption rates per hour of operation of DT tractors:

DT-75, DT-75A, DT-75B, DT-75V, DT-75N, T-74, T-74-S4, equipped with the SMD-14 power unit - 7.2 liters.

Fuel consumption calculation

When calculating and calculating the cost of the work performed, an important component is the amount of fuel consumption by the tractor. The fuel consumption of MTZ 82 indicated in the characteristics by the manufacturer, taking into account the brand of the D-240 engine, is 238 gkWh, which is completely inconvenient for an understandable economic calculation of the cost of the work performed by the equipment and accounting for the consumption of fuels and lubricants. The most relevant unit of measurement is "liter per engine hour" of the tractor.

Factors affecting consumption

The characteristics specified by the manufacturer of the equipment are nominal average values. In practice, the deviation from the nominal value of the volume of fuel consumption is affected by a number of factors and conditions:

1 Technical condition of the engine, as well as the condition and adjustment of all systems

Condition of the engine piston group
Engine timing adjustment
Adjustment and technical condition of fuel equipment
Condition and operation of the air supply.
Tractor cooling work.

2 External factors

Driver Qualification
Type of work performed
Weather
Humidity and physical condition of soils.

3 Fuel quality

The composition of the fuel must comply with quality standards in accordance with approved certificates, without foreign physical contaminants and chemical impurities.

Calculation formula

P = M * T

where, P - fuel consumption kg / h, M - rated engine power kW, T - estimated fuel consumption per 1 kW per hour.

And so: Consumption of MTZ 80 with an engine of model D 240., where, according to those. characteristics fuel consumption 0.238 kg kWh and rated engine power 59.25 kW. at 2200 rpm of the crankshaft. (initial engine indicators are taken from the technical documentation of the manufacturer's plant)

Р=59.25kW*0.238 kgkWh=14.1 kgh

To convert from kilograms to liters, we use the coefficient:

For winter diesel fuel 1kg-1.19 liters
For summer diz. fuel 1kg -1.16 liters

“Rated consumption at engine speed of 2200 rpm and maximum output of 59.25 kW is 16.35 liters per hour of summer and 16.78 winter grades of diesel fuel.”

Tractor load factor

The actual used engine power depends on the work performed by the tractor and in practice, the average value does not exceed 60%. Accordingly, when calculating consumption, it is not the maximum engine power that is taken into account, but the actual power used during the work performed. For an objective, actual calculation of consumption, the tractor load factor is used:

Full load -1
Partial load -0.8
Average load - 0.6
Light load - 0.4

Calculation of consumption taking into account the load factor.

Thus, the MTZ fuel consumption, taking into account the power utilization factor of the tractor with the D 240 engine, where P = 16.35 l / h

at full load 16.35 l/h
partial load 16.35*0.8= 13.08 l/h
average load 16.35*0.6= 9.81 l/h
small load 16.35*0.4=6.54 l/h

Since the operation of equipment is carried out in different work processes and a wide range of factors affects the use of engine power, the selection of the coefficient is determined empirically. You need to focus on the actual engine speed when performing a specific work operation. If such experimental measures are carried out on all processes in which a tractor is used, the objectivity and accuracy of accounting for fuel consumption will come as close as possible to the actual one.

Increased diesel fuel consumption

Diesel engines in their design are not much different from gasoline engines - there is the same cylinder-piston group, the same connecting rods and crankshaft. The whole difference lies in how fuel and air are supplied to the combustion chambers of the pistons - air under high pressure ignites and at this time diesel fuel enters the chamber and an explosion occurs, which causes the pistons to move.

Many drivers complain that their diesel engines are consuming more fuel. Understanding this problem is quite difficult. The reason can be either the simplest - you need to replace the fuel and air filters, or the most difficult - as a result of using poorly purified diesel fuel, nozzles and injectors are clogged, pressure in the high-pressure fuel pumps (TNVD) is lost.

Some recommendations. If you see that the computer shows an increased consumption of diesel fuel, then first check the condition of the filters. Remove the air filter and try to look through it into the light - small holes should be visible.

If not, then it's time to replace the air filter.

The fuel filter is changed after a certain number of kilometers driven. If you fill up at a good gas station, and do not buy "diesel oil" from someone on the cheap, then look at what the instructions say about changing the fuel filter.

Although replacing such an important element as a filter never hurts. By the way, this is the cheapest and easiest solution to the problem. A very important point is the correct selection of engine oil.

For diesel engines, low viscosity oil is used, in addition, canisters of well-known manufacturers always indicate which types of engines the oil is intended for. If the oil has a low viscosity, then it is easier for the pistons to move, less slag and scale are formed.

You can also determine the cause by the color of the exhaust. Ideally, it should be slightly bluish.

If there is black smoke, problems are experienced during start-up - this is a sign that at least it is time to change the piston rings and any dirt has settled on the surface of the cylinders.

Run your finger along the inside of the exhaust pipe - there should be dry and grayish sediment.

If you see oily soot, then look for the cause in the engine. No matter how trite it may sound, but often the increased consumption of a diesel engine is also associated with the fact that the wheels are a little blown away and there is a lot of rolling resistance.

In this case, you need to check the pressure in the tires and bring it back to normal.

Also, the change in aerodynamics is another reason for the increased consumption. For example, with open side windows, the aerodynamic index decreases, and besides, there is a high probability of catching a cold in a draft.

Fuel equipment Diesel fuel equipment is a sore spot.

The injection system suffers especially when refueling with low-quality fuel. Nozzles supply a strictly measured amount of diesel fuel to the combustion chambers. If the filters do not cope with cleaning, then there is a high probability of clogging of sprayers and plunger pairs, in which everything is measured to the last fraction of a millimeter.

Fuel consumption of tractors. Calculation rules, norms

For each tractor model, fuel consumption is indicated in the operating instructions, however, different manufacturers use different formulas to determine the average value. In addition, it should be borne in mind that the formulas used assume ideal conditions for the operation of the tractor: its full load, dry, even road, no precipitation, etc. Therefore, basically, fuel consumption is calculated for each machine individually, depending on the conditions in which the operator has to work. Consider the reasons why fuel consumption may increase or decrease, as well as the principle of calculating the fuel consumption level.

Specific fuel consumption

When testing engines on brake installations, or when operating tractors in the field, the hourly fuel consumption is empirically determined.
Knowing the hourly consumption and the power developed at the same time, it is possible to determine the most important indicator of the efficiency of the tractor - the specific fuel consumption. Specific fuel consumption is the consumption in grams per horsepower per hour of operation.

To assess the efficiency of the engine, the specific fuel consumption is determined for each effective horsepower of the engine power, and to assess the efficiency of the tractor as a whole, the fuel consumption is found for each horsepower of the tractive power.

The specific fuel consumption depends on the extent to which the heat of the fuel burning in the cylinders is converted into useful work.

Heat is converted most completely in engines with high compression ratios. In tractor diesels, 28-35% of heat is converted into useful work, while in carburetor engines only 18-25%. Therefore, diesel engines are much more economical than carburetor ones.

The specific fuel consumption of tractor diesels is 180–220 g/e.l.s.h. In order for the tractor to work economically, it is necessary to ensure the most complete loading of it, since with a decrease in load, the specific fuel consumption increases. To reduce fuel consumption, the correct organization of work is of great importance: reduction of idle journeys and downtime, rational choice of the shape and size of corrals, correct (lossless) refueling of the tractor with fuel.

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Factors affecting the fuel consumption of tractors

Excessive fuel consumption (or less than expected consumption) can be due to several factors. For example, one of the main reasons is the technical condition of the tractor power unit. Experts advise checking the internal combustion engine for problems before starting work.

Photo source: exkavator.ru/trade Fuel consumption is determined by a number of different factors

The indicator is also affected by the driving style of the operator (aggressive driving, incorrect speed or incorrect gear shifting). Weather conditions, seasonality of work performance and landscape are also reasons for the increase or decrease in fuel consumption of tractors.

The level of fuel consumption per hour when driving depends on the load capacity of the trailer, as well as on the type of road surface. Manufacturers distinguish between three types of roads depending on their condition:

Paved roads; field roads; packed snowy roads.
Roads with gravel, crushed stone (broken) or sandy (country) surface; unpaved roads rutted after rain; soddy soil with a hard surface; stubble of grain crops.
Deep gauge roads; frozen or normal humidity arable land; ridge roads; thawed after a thaw; field after harvesting root crops; virgin snow; off-road spring; broken roads.

The search for the necessary equipment or spare parts has become even easier - leave a request and they will call you back.

Calculating the fuel consumption of tractors on your own: the nuances

Determining the fuel consumption of tractors allows you to estimate the future costs of maintaining equipment. To measure the indicator, the tractor must travel 100 km. After that, the amount of fuel consumed is determined. Important: the machine itself, as well as all components and assemblies, must be in full working order.

Photo source: exkavator.ru/trade There is a special formula for calculating fuel consumption

To calculate the indicator of fuel consumption by a machine, the following characteristics are taken: specific fuel consumption (R), power unit power in hp. (N) and a conversion factor from kW equal to 0.7. Fuel consumption for 1 hour is taken as P. Based on this, the calculation formula is as follows:

P=0.7*R*N

Do not forget that different models have different load capacities. In this regard, a correction factor is used in the calculations. At full, partial, half or partial load, the following indicators are used, respectively: 1; 08; 0.6; no more than 0.5.

Calculation of the fuel consumption rate MTZ 80 per 100 kilometers

The consumption is determined based on the speed technical characteristics of the tractor, the specific consumption l/m.h and the load factor.

1 determine the time during which the tractor will travel 100 km.

Where B is the run time of 100 km, C is the speed per hour (for example, the speed the IX transmission of MTZ-80, MTZ-82 with the D-240 Engine is indicated).

B=100/C

B = 100 / 34.31 = 2.915 hours.

2 determine the amount of fuel per 100 km of run.

P per 100 km \u003d B * P * 0.6 where, P is the specific consumption of the engine D-240 l / m.h, B is the run time of 100 km in IX gear, 0.6 is the load factor.

R per 100 km = 2.915 * 16.35 * 0.6 = 28.59 l / 100 km

Table of fuel consumption per 100 km of run, taking into account the choice of gear and load factor.

km/h

The need for this calculation arises only when using a tractor in transport work on paved roads, which in itself is a rare exception in the use of this kind of equipment. The cost of transporting a ton per kilometer by such transport will be disproportionately high compared to road freight transport.

If the tractor is used in transport work within the city, the unambiguous objective unit of accounting for consumption will still be a liter per hour. It is enough to take into account: the operating time, the power of the diesel model, the specific consumption for this engine and determine the load factor, which in practice will not be higher than 0.6.

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What factors should be taken into account when calculating fuel consumption?

To calculate tractor fuel consumption, you need to study the factors that directly affect the amount of fuel consumed by special equipment. The main one is the condition of the engine of the agricultural machine. During the operation of the equipment on the site, its engine must be in full working order. Filters deserve special attention. If they are clogged, then the amount of fuel will increase.

Another important factor is the driving style of the tractor. If the operator prefers aggressive driving at high speeds with sharp cornering, inconsistent gear shifting, then the amount of fuel consumed by the agricultural machine will skyrocket.

How to calculate the fuel consumption rate for a tractor?

The calculated consumption rate of fuel and lubricants for tractors gives the owner of the agricultural machine the opportunity to obtain approximate data on the costs of doing chores. To get information, the tractor driver must travel a distance of 100 km. At the same time, the engine and other working components of special equipment must be in full working order. This will allow you to determine the amount of fuel consumed.

In the future, to calculate the amount of fuel consumed by the tractor, the following parameters are taken:

specific consumption of consumed fuel - R;
ICE power, measured in horsepower - N;
data obtained when converting from kW, which are equal to 0.7.

When calculating the norms of fuel consumed by special equipment in 1 hour, the designation P is used. Thus, the formula for calculating the required volumes of fuel is as follows:

P=0.7*R*N

When calculating the norms of consumed gasoline and diesel fuel, it is important to take into account the carrying capacity of the special vehicle. To do this, when calculating the formula, a special correction factor is used. Accordingly, with a full load of the tractor, it is 1, with an incomplete load - 0.8, half - 0.6, and with a partial load - no more than 0.5.

The owners of many domestic tractors use a table that helps to quickly calculate the rates of fuel consumed by agricultural machinery.

It contains ready-made data obtained during testing of various modifications of special equipment without luggage and with cargo of different categories.